10) The structures and origin of universe with respect to energy only  

(Updated Feb 8th 2011)

If the term universe is generally referring to the visible masses, then there is also an invisible universe of forces or energies, because the universe is made of both mass and energy, and since these two components are mutually convertible they possess equal potentials. If the universe was started with just a mass called Singularity, followed by a colossal bang, then it would be more important to explain where came the colossal energy to make the bang. Traditionally cosmological theories always seemed to refer to the beginning of universe as the beginning of visible mass only, and little or no mention about the origin of energy.... So, where does energy come from? What is its origin? What is energy in the first place? The multimillion dollar question here is like the chicken and egg, only here it's mass and energy. So of the two which comes first? Or, which can exist alone without the other? Let's take mass for instance. Well, the mass is made of atoms and atoms are made of internal constituents or particles bonded together by atomic force. This means mass requires bonding energy to exist. Then around 1920s to1930s scientists like Carl Anderson and Paul Dirac discovered antiparticles, and reported that when particle and antiparticle collide they will both be annihilated, leaving behind only a shower of Gamma Rays or just pure energy. Besides, vacuum too is a pure energy, but of negative nature. So, pure energy can exist without mass. In that case, if the start of universe was said to be a mass, then why shouldn't it be energy as well? In fact, it's much more likely to be energy than mass, because out of two, only pure energy can exist alone and cannot be further disintegrated and decomposed... 

Don't forget events in nature are always powered by energy. Energy is the boss, because it is intrinsically active and driving. Looking from afar, mass may be considered as the body, while energy the life and spirit, although mass also contains energy in it.  Nature is said to have four Forces of Interaction, namely Strong Nuclear force, Weak Interaction force, Electromagnetic force and Gravitation, three of them may be stripped out of the mass when mass is converted into pure energy, leaving only electromagnetic radiations in space! Electromagnetic energy has dual properties, namely the electricity and the magnetism. They are everywhere! Within each atom of all matters, there are positive and negative electric charges (protons and electrons), and there are magnetic energies in mass too (permanent magnets have lots). Electric charges in motion induces magnetic moments, but magnetism also induces electricity. So, both electric charge and magnetic moment are fundamental properties of all atomic mass. They are also the fundamental properties of cosmic radiations, including visible light, which pervade the entire cosmic space. Therefore, the duel natures of electricity and magnetism are both fundamental to mass (atomic) and energy (cosmic transmission), and present in the complete universal realm.  

Now, if masses are convertible to energy (at the galactic center) and energies are reducible to only electric charge and magnetic moment, then the most fundamental of nature or the origin of universe appears to be electromagnetism or just energy alone. Within this theory we will show that electromagnetic force in waves causes the expansion of universe and with its property of mutual interference the waves can reinforce themselves by blend into each other's waveforms and propagate to reach every part of the universe. So, it actually sustains and unifies the entire universe, and regenerates it. In other words, at the back of all universal drama and cosmological phenomena, there are just pairs of forces, the potential difference of Ying and Yang, at play...      

Let's see how it happens. Well, all galactic masses contain electric charges (electrons and protons in all atoms). When electric charges or electrons are set in motion, accelerated or decelerated, they induce magnetic moments at right angles to the charges following the Right Hand Rule. Magnetic moments then in return induce back electric charges, which again induce a second generation magnetic moments in alternating phases, and so on... The changing phase of alternating inductions between the two energies at right angles produces a stream of alternating sinusoidal electrical and magnetic waves in propagation, while causing the host galactic masses to spin. This is how a galactic spiral is formed. Meanwhile, as galactic masses spiral, their mutual gravitation would pull them even closer and eventually make contact, which turn them into energy and escape. At the same time there is a strong draft from the central region created by the escape of energy through both sides of the galactic axis. Thus the galactic spiral motion, and the gravitation as well as the draft all cause the galactic masses to move deeper towards the center of galaxy in increasing vigor and velocity. Now, it is of highest importance to find out what goes on at the central region of galaxies.... Well, as billions of suns, moons, satellites, stones, gases and what not.... all approach the congested galactic center, they obviously must bang into each other, not at once, but in numerous successions because of different layers and distances of continuously incoming masses. This means the galactic centers are the most violent spots in the universe!

Left Fig :- Suns, moons, satellites, stones and what not... must eventually grind and crash, and converted energies escape through the white central region, the galactic axis

When the incoming billions of suns and planets crash in a congested area, the explosions would resemble untold billions of atom bombs going off together. The violence would reduce the masses to their very fundamentals. Yet that's not all!. The momentum of the traveling mass and energy cannot stop. It would continue to grind everything in that colossal galactic milling machine. Then at some point in that central region there will be a release of all atomic binding forces, i.e. the Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces. Although we still do not know what exactly transpires, but it's clear that even all subatomic particles must be reduced to their very origin of existence, i.e., pure energy only. 

[Note:- It should be noted that at this point no Black Hole could conceivably exist at the center of any galaxy, because of two reasons. Firstly, the crushing of masses would turn them into exploding energies, allowing no cosmic bodies to exist intact and collapse into a Black Hole Singularity. Instead, they must expel and throw any masses outwards. Secondly, all masses would be turned into energies only, no mass means no gravitation, and no gravitation means no Gravitational Black Hole. The so called Black Hole looks black only because there is no mass particles to reflect light!]. 

The photo on the left is the galaxy M87 of Virgo Cluster, taken by Hubble Space Telescope, showing a strong radiation jet shooting out of the central axis with great energy

 Let's emphasize! Eventually the galactic center would reach an indescribably hot and violent primordial condition of energy interaction, and since mass is convertible to energy, this is the spot where even last atoms would be converted into pure energy. And due to continued built up of pressure and temperatures, the galactic central area is now the only most energy intensive spot anywhere in the whole universe. This is also the spot where energies are trying to get out, and nothing can possibly get in... This is also where all nuclear binding forces are reduced to their true origin, whatever that may be. Also because the extreme energy the cosmic radiations emitting from the galactic central are so strong that they permeate the entire cosmic space. We cannot feel their strength because the human specie, even his ancestral species, are born and made by evolution to get used to such energy environment. 

Hypothetically speaking, all limits are reached when spiral motion reaches the central region of galaxies. In fact, if there is any place or any condition that could possibly strip down any material or energy structural bondage (the alternating existence of electricity and magnetism excepted), this would be the place to take place, therefore by examining whatever (no matter what) come out of galactic center and whatever conditions they possess, we are actually witnessing the most primordial existences, and their most primordial condition as they come out! Only after the exit things begin to interact and new structures begin to form.... 

Since this the page about energy, let's see take a closer look at what's going on within the galactic force field where energy is created just to highlight its importance:- 

1), The condition of energy concentration and built up at the galactic center is the maximum in the universe. 

2), No matter how extreme conditions are during the impasse and exchange, nothing disappears or vanish into oblivion! Total input = total output. (Laws of conservation) 

3), First phenomenon at the center is that congested energies must escape the galactic center. 

4), The place for such congested energies to to escape is the galactic central axis at both sides of galaxy where pressure and resistance are the least  

5), As energies escape, a drag is created that would draw in more masses to be converted. 

6), This would also account for the where-about, or the fate of continuously incoming masses. 

7), The violence of converting mass to energy has not destroyed the fundamental properties of electricity and magnetism, because what come out of the galaxies are observed to be electromagnetic radiations. 

8), In order to pulse the energy flux into a smooth and continuous spectrum of sinusoidal waves, there must be a dynamic force symmetry, which I call "Miracle-12" to do it. (The greater the galactic field magnitude is, the stronger the dynamic symmetry becomes!). 

9), The angular motion of electromagnetic flux passing through the strong divisions of force symmetry causes the flux to be cut into sinusoidal waves before emission into space. 

10), A huge spectrum of electromagnetic waves is observed after the exit with step-less progressions of wavelength and corresponding frequencies. This is because the angular motion of electromagnetic flux moving through progressively increasing/diminishing diameters of the force symmetry,

11), It is a well established observation that the speed of light or electromagnetic radiation is constant. This is because in the described system, the wavelength multiplied by frequency is constant (L x F = C). It also indirectly proves the existence of the described force symmetry existing not only in our solar system, i.e., the Ecliptic Circle, or the Zodiac, but also in every galaxy. 

12), These descriptions also explain how and why cosmic radiations are observed to be sinusoidal waves, as well as how and why light spectrum or cosmic electromagnetic radiation spectrum is formed. 

 

As to why this dynamic symmetry forms itself into 12 equal divisions, which I call the Miracle-12, it is because the 12 equal division symmetry can accommodate simultaneously all of the most basic symmetries, and also because it is statistically most probable symmetries.. Mother Nature chooses this symmetry for the job not only because it simultaneously includes 3 Squares and 4 Equilateral Triangles in it, but also 6 basic symmetry (Yin-Yang), also 2 Hexagonal symmetries and one 12 spike star all at once! 

 

Left fig:- Force field symmetry The Miracle-12

 

 In any for symmetry the less opposition poles there are, the more stronger and stable the symmetry becomes become the total energy of the field is shared by less  numbers of poles, therefore the poles are stronger, to withstand internal or external disturbances. Statistical Probability is also an essential factor. In the Miracle-12not there are only has more individual choices, i.e., 2, 3,4,6,12. but there are also paired choice of products, i.e., 1x12, 2x6, 3x4, 4x3, 6x2, and 12x1, which cause the structure 12 sectors to be formed. Meanwhile, a simple opposition symmetry (Ying-Yang) may be strong, but it is only uni-directionally balanced. The Cross is the most important, stable and most powerful symmetry inside the galaxy, because every time a mutual induction between electricity and magnetism takes place, it takes place repeatedly within a cross). Other more complex symmetries, such as 24 or 36, would be quickly reduced to become more basic and stable. 

 

So, combining the various essential factors, i.e., simplicity, strength, statistical probability, and balance our Miracle-12 becomes the best choice or the result of Natural Selection. You see our nature is no fact a clever one!) 

This means there are two important reasons for a 12 spiked star of dynamic force field symmetry to exist in the heart of every galaxies. Firstly, this Miracle-12 can simultaneously accommodate all the most basic symmetries, which is less likely to be further reduced by disturbing forces. Secondly,  it is statistically the most probable or best choice... (Charles Darwin called this phenomenon the "Natural Selection") O.K. Now that unformed energy flux is pulsed by the concentrated angles of the symmetry into waves, these powerful energy waves must seek an exit where there is least resistance. This is the both sides of galactic axis from which energy waves escape into space. Meanwhile, it is also significant to note that cosmic electromagnetic waves produced this way would assume a sinusoidal waveform, the same as electric currents are generated or cut into sinusoidal waves by the magnetic poles in the electricity generating machine.... 

On the left is an artist's impression showing burst of energy at both sides of galactic axis, which are areas of least resistance  

Because electromagnetic waves or pulses are not made of solid materials, they are just energies, and energy waves may assume different waveforms. Thus different electromagnetic waveforms of same frequency may be added or subtracted, merged or interfered with. It becomes possible for many types of energy pulses to be produced. For instance, the described wave productions at the galaxies or electric motors and generators all produce sinusoidal electromagnetic waves. Nuclear fusion deep within the sun also surface to radiate such waves into space. Heating a tungsten filament produces a partial spectrum of visible light waves. In many modern telecommunication systems, such as radios or TVs electronic circuits, a piezoelectric crystal would be used to vibrate or oscillate electric charges and produce desired frequencies in different controlled waveforms, including the square waveform. Storms, cyclone, thunders, solar flares also produce some energy emissions. All these are electromagnetic radiations in waves, or pulses or in quanta, whose waveforms are adaptable. This adaptability or property of Interference allows the human made electromagnetic waves to be blended into the waveforms and frequencies of those much stronger cosmic waves and transmit to great distances.

Indeed, the property of adaptability or mutual interference and propagation of waves allow the cosmic space to be completely permeated with electromagnetic radiations, strong enough that earth bound comic signal transmissions some 12 to 13 billion light years away are able to reach earth and be observed by our radio telescopes. This distance is the maximum range of observation. Because the speed of light is constant and therefore limited, beyond this distance the signals of light or radiations are not able to reach earth. However, the most remarkable fact is that galaxies are observed to recede away from each other and the whole universe is expanding in increasing speed. There is only one energy, i.e., the propagating electromagnetic radiations that could do it! Yet, the above mentioned electromagnetic transmission may be strong enough to permeate the cosmic space, even to transmit signal to earth, but it is most unlikely to be able to push the galaxies away and send the universe expanding! So where and how are these colossal amounts and of mighty radiation produced, and where can they possibly come from? Could they be the product of human efforts, like the electricity made for human consumptions? Or could these colossal energies have simply grown out the cosmic space alone? 

Of course, not even likely! Because whatever human technology can make or measure or detect is but a tiny section of the completion and enormous continuous spectrum of nature's electromagnetic waves! All we know today is only a range of waves from household electricity all the way up to Gamma Rays. We also know that nature of electromagnetic waves is the higher the frequency, the stronger it becomes. What we are expecting is a range of the same spectrum, but with infinitely small, or near zero, wavelength and infinite high frequencies of waves, These waves must also be a nonstop driving force, strong enough to drive and separate the galaxies apart from each other, and still have enough strength to drive the whole universe expanding away, even in increasing speed!. This unbelievable phenomenon requires the strongest possible transmissible force in the universe and the facilities to produce such unbelievable forces.  The question is therefore where could they possibly be produced? The answer is that there is indeed one such place in every galaxy. It is the zone of galaxy near the central region where galactic masses begin to crash into each other in nonstop fashion and progressively towards the theoretical center of galaxy. 

Because the higher the frequency is, the stronger the waves energy becomes. The waves cut and generated at the theoretical galactic center  have theoretically zero wavelength and theoretically infinite frequency, and therefore, theoretically infinite power! This is not comparable with our familiar Gamma Rays. In this theory we call such strongest radiation, the Extra Galactic Rays (EGR) because between the strongest radiation known on earth, i.e., Gamma Rays, and the strongest galactic rays in the universe whose wavelength is practically zero there lies a huge range of radiation, which is still unknown to us and not measurable by earthly instruments, not even in foreseeable future!.  

In the recent years scientists have just discovered that the universe is not just expanding, it is expanding in increasing speed. Now in the name of universe has been upgraded from Expanding Universe to Accelerating Universe. The still undefined colossal energy is now called "Dark Energy" and calculated to be circa 74% of the total mass-energy contents of the universe. Since expanding or accelerating universe indicate that galaxies are racing away from each other, which also means that pushing forces are coming from the galaxies themselves. So, The above described EGR waves with practically infinite frequency fits in perfectly with the scenario of Accelerating Universe!  Besides, as mass and energy are inter-convertible, but it is much more difficult to reassemble energy back to mass. So the current ratio of mass-energy contents (i.e., about 74% Dark Energy, 24% Dark Mass and 4% ordinary mass) of the universe seems realistic as far as the percentages of proportion are concerned, because between Gamma Rays and EGR rays there is huge huge gap of radiations unaccounted for.. However, there are other difficulties because we are living in a portion of universe, which is hardly the complete universe, and since our observations are strictly limited by the speed of light, we cannot envisage the true extents of the universe. In fact the universe appears to be boundless, so unobservable and immeasurable, the new information about the surprisingly large percentage of Dark Energy appears to emphasize the vastness of universe. It has merely added some supports to the notion of universal portions as proposed and described in page # 9). 

As to how Extra Galactic Rays (EGR) comes into being, let's take a look. In almost all common spiral galaxies such as our own Milky Way, there are two distinctively different energy zones, an extremely ferocious zone where all stars and planets, etc., would collide en masse without stopping, and there is also a less violent or normal zone where starry objects are orbiting but without banging into each other, such as our solar system. Clearly there is a difference in energy environment between the two zones. In the very violent collision zone at galactic central region, which is boxed into a high pressure area by continuous exploding mass and energies, those extremely strong radiation waves produced here would range from, say, extremely high frequencies (at start of this collision zone) up to almost infinity of frequency (at very very center of galaxy), and wavelength, from say, a certain discreet size (at start of collision zone) down to practically zero length (very center of galaxy). Meanwhile, in the normal zone, or non-collision zone, the radiation waves coming forth would have a range from extremely long wavelength, say millions of miles long with frequencies from extremely low rate (at very rim of galaxy) down to pretty short wavelength, say, about 10^-11 cm and with with corresponding frequency of, say 10²¹ cycles per second (at the border of normal zone, adjacent to collision zone, somewhere in the middle of galaxy).. [Note:- Wavelength of about 10^-11 cm and frequency about 10²¹ cycles per second are known properties of Gamma Rays]. 

The above figures assume that Gamma Rays is roughly at the high energy end of the normal zones, but the normal zone is followed by a collision zone with distinctively higher energy level. This is the most likely assumption, since normally we regard Gamma Rays to be the top of the known spectrum of electromagnetic radiations on earth. But there has to be more, because otherwise radiations with wavelengths shorter than (10^-11 cm) and frequencies higher than Gamma Rays (at 10²¹ cycles per second) are unaccounted for!  Surely, nature does not suddenly hold up productions just at certain fixed limit (i.e., Gamma Rays) in the middle of galaxy. Since there has to be a normal zone followed by a collision zone or conversion zone, otherwise what happen to all the stars and planets in every single spiral galaxy? Naturally and automatically the production of electromagnetic radiations must be continuous, i.e., from the very rim to the very center of galaxy. Let's be quite clear! When billions of suns and planets spiral continuously inwards towards the galactic center, i.e., from normal zone to crash zone, they must encounter two radial zones with extremely different energy environments as described above. What have they all become? Where have they gone? Obviously they have all been converted into electromagnetic radiations!

O.K. The above at least takes care of what happens to the stars and planets moving into the galactic center. It indicates there are two classes of energy waves produced by the galaxy, one only strong enough to transmit human communication signals up to the power of Gamma Rays, and the other with strength needed to move the entire universe in increasing speed, which is the Extreme Galactic Rays, EGR. (Please click for Definition of EGR). This strong energy obviously cannot be over powered, nor affected by other lower strength energies, and therefore retains its supremacy. However, this extremely strong energy with ultra high frequency remains in the background unnoticed by us, because the human specie is born and evolved under its constant and unchanging energy environment. The other class, which is normal and comparatively much weaker or softer wave. This class of normal electromagnetic radiations, their waveforms may be augmented, tempered or interfered, because they are produced and emitted from the normal energy zone. This class of radiations have already been observed as a progressively smooth spectrum, including the visible lights, and at slow end of spectrum stands the long radio wave and the fast end being the gamma rays. These energy waves may be amplified, interfered, or stretched  

Let us revisit the scenario. As billions of stars and planets spiral deeper towards the center of galaxy, they have to make contact and collide en masse somewhere in the interior of the galaxy. Where this crash zone begins depends on the size, magnitude, shape and mass property of the galaxy. Some galaxies show huge intense beams of radiations shooting out of both ends of the galactic axis (See fig. above). Others display just a bulge of radiation in the central region of the galactic body showing that radiations emitted are comparatively less strong.

Left fig:- Impression of Milky Way showing bulge of radiation in the middle

At any rate, all spiral galaxies move galactic masses into the center and convert them into radiation waves at various rates. But where masses start to collide and turn into energy, those energy waves produced there are far stronger than normal. Therefore, the galaxy is divided into a collision zone and a non-collision zone, or normal zone! The radiations coming out of the collision zone are of ultra high frequencies, and other spiraling galactic masses in the non-collision also emit radiations, comparable to our own sun and planets in our solar system. As they too are urged to circle pass the symmetry forming a continuous spectrum. Such lower frequency radiation waves are normal to us! So we observe the existence of the spectrum ranging from Long Radio Waves all the way to the cosmic Gamma Rays. This normal spectrum of energies are not likely to be strong enough to expand the universe, but the Extra Galactic Rays (EGR) not only are, they also permeate every corner of the universe, and are strong enough to force the Strong Nuclear Force in the atom to vibrate in resonance,  producing gravitational waves also with ultra high frequencies...         

There are some reasons supporting such  theory- 

1. Gravitation is a force in waves with extremely high frequency, which is still unmeasured and unknown. This fact appears to reflect the extreme rate of frequency of the Extra Galactic Rays...

2. Gravitation depends solely on amount of mass, and mass depends on its atoms, but within the atom there appears to have no special means, nor mechanisms, to generate or create any waveform energy that can pull or gravitate except the Strong Nuclear Force. .

3. Gravitational force being a wave must come from within the mass and its atoms, but it takes on its waveform and vibration as well as some energies from external source, such as the EGR. 

4. Strong cosmic electromagnetic radiations, such as EGR, are the strongest propagating energy waves capable of reaching every corner and affecting every mass in the universe.  

5. The bombardment of such strong cosmic radiations EGR can barely disturb the Strong Nuclear Force within the atom, producing the a reactionary or secondary vibratory wave, such as gravitational wave, because the Quarks in the Strong Force have been proven in laboratory to be the most tenacious atomic bondage. 

6. The Strong Nuclear Force binds and protects the atom. It is the toughest amongst the 4 Forces of Interaction and is fundamentally made of a group of quarks in the most basic subatomic level  However quarks are permanently stuck to other quarks, refusing to be separated, even by strongest measures scientists could command over many decades. Such phenomenon of strong bondage is analogous to the attractive characteristics of the gravitation, which not only holds atoms in one piece, but influence the entire structure of universe!

7. The same extra strong and ultra high frequency cosmic electromagnetic radiation must affect also the Weak Nuclear Force of the atom. As a result it also induces a vibratory force, which help to decompose the atomic bondage. However, the Weak Interaction, being not so tough, allows radioactivity to decay proportionally to ultra high frequency of the invading cosmic vibration, resulting in extremely accurate rate of decay, such as Carbon-14 radioactive decay.    

The above reasons cause the writer to suspect that gravitation is an induced secondary wave energy caused by the invading cosmic radiations pf extreme strength and ultra high frequencies, e. g., RGR. However, this is just a theory! Perhaps by looking at things from different angles, it might touch off new and further revelations! Of course, what really matters is the result of continued investigations!  

Nature is driven basically to interact by electromagnetic forces, because it is the only transmissible intrusive energy that reaches and acts on all parts of the universe, including the inside of atom. It consists of energies of electricity and magnetism mutually occurring at right angles to each other, producing a transverse motion of energy, with a visible square or cross of concentrated energies constantly appearing in nature. Now since energy is the boss and the driving force, it has many products. Therefore there are many resultant crystallizations in sets of fours in nature, both in groups of mass or of energy. For instance, the four forces of interaction, namely, Strong Force, Weak Force, Electromagnetic Force and Gravity. 

Fig left:- Example of crystallization of forces into symmetrical structures of fours 

There are also four layers of physical mass, namely planets, solar systems and galaxies and universal portions. It would appear that in both colossal cosmological scales and in infinitesimal scales of the atom, the universe is perfectly balanced in interaction, in regeneration and in nonstop evolution. It is even more amazing that the universe has evolved to include metaphysical functions, with its will to perpetuate existence, its goals to aspire purposes, its methods to strategize the complex designs and the energies to execute all of  that. Then it pass them all onto every living beings. So, the will energy, purpose energy, mental energy and physical energy are also a set of four. Thus the energy of electromagnetic interactions with 4 properties, i.e., Positive and Negative Charges Electricity as well as Attraction and Repulsion of Magnetism, are shown in the crystallizations of mass, of energy and even in metaphysical structures of nature... That and other products and crystallizations of force symmetries will be discussed in more details under another page. I think cosmology should include all phenomena and manifestations of nature, as well as all the experiences of human life, because it is also one grand course of harmonization between physics and metaphysics in nature. (Updated Feb 9th 2011)  

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